Bilhah and Zilpah’s Birth Stories: The Old Testament’s Form of Adoption

Bilhah and Zilpah were the handmaidens (servants) of the patriarch Jacob’s wives, Leah and Rachel. Rachel, who was Jacob’s favorite wife, had not been blessed with children. While Leah, Rachel’s older sister, had given birth to four sons. Genesis 30 records that, “…when Rachel saw that she bare Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister;…